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Barium Tungsten Electrodes for High-Intensity Discharge Lamps 8

Barium tungsten electrodes significantly enhance the performance of high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps by combining the physical stability of tungsten with the superior electron emission properties of barium. They are a critical component in high-efficiency, long-life lighting technologies. 1. Composition and Characteristics of Barium Tungsten Electrodes Tungsten Matrix: Tungsten is selected as the ideal electrode base material due to its high melting point (approximately 3422°C), excellent mechanical strength, and good electrical conductivity. The tungsten matrix can withstand the high temperatures and…

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Production of Ammonium Metatungstate by Solvent Extraction 5

The solvent extraction method, known for its high separation efficiency, excellent product purity, and suitability for continuous production, is a key process for producing ammonium metatungstate (AMT). This method leverages the distribution difference of tungstate ions between aqueous and organic phases to achieve separation and enrichment. Core Mechanism: Solvent extraction relies on the difference in distribution coefficients of a solute between two immiscible solvents (aqueous and organic phases). A tungsten-containing raw solution (aqueous phase) is mixed with a selected organic…

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Production of Ammonium Metatungstate by Ion Exchange 5

As a vital tungsten chemical, ammonium metatungstate (AMT) can be produced using methods such as the neutralization method, sodium tungstate transformation method, and the ion exchange method. The ion exchange method stands out for its efficient separation and ability to produce high-purity products, making it a significant process for AMT production. This method leverages the selective adsorption and desorption properties of ion exchange resins to concentrate and transform tungsten. Core Mechanism: The ion exchange method relies on ion exchange resins—high-molecular…

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Production of Ammonium Metatungstate by Sodium Tungstate Transformation Method 5

Ammonium metatungstate (AMT), a key tungsten chemical product, is widely applied in catalysis, petrochemicals, and new materials. The sodium tungstate transformation method is an important process for producing AMT, converting sodium tungstate into AMT through multiple chemical reactions and physical operations. This method is valued in industrial production for its low raw material costs and process flexibility. Raw Materials and Requirements: The raw materials for the sodium tungstate transformation method include sodium tungstate, calcium chloride, hydrochloric acid, and ammonia water,…

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Neutralization Method for Producing Ammonium Metatungstate 6

Ammonium metatungstate (AMT), a crucial tungsten compound, is widely used in catalysis, petrochemicals, and new materials. The neutralization method, due to its simplicity and ease of operation, is one of the classic industrial methods for producing AMT. Core Raw Materials and Requirements: The key raw materials for the neutralization method are tungstic acid and ammonia water, and their quality directly impacts reaction efficiency and product quality. Tungstic acid purity typically needs to be above 98%, with low impurity content to…

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What Are the Production Processes of Ammonium Metatungstate? 5

Ammonium metatungstate (AMT) is a tungsten compound widely used in catalysis, electronics, ceramics, and other fields. Its production processes vary, each with unique advantages and suitable applications. 1. Neutralization Method The neutralization method is the most commonly used for producing AMT due to its relatively simple process and low equipment requirements. The process begins with the reaction of tungstic acid (H?WO?) and ammonia water (NH?·H?O), forming an ammonium tungstate solution through a neutralization reaction. Key to this step is controlling…

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Barium Tungsten Electrodes for Mercury Lamps 17

Mercury lamps, a type of high-intensity discharge (HID) lamp, produce ultraviolet or visible light through arc discharge in mercury vapor. They are widely used in street lighting, industrial illumination, and ultraviolet applications such as sterilization and curing. The electrode is a critical component of mercury lamps, and barium tungsten electrodes are commonly employed due to their superior performance in enabling efficient discharge and extending lamp lifespan. 1. Composition and Characteristics of Barium Tungsten Electrodes Barium tungsten electrodes use tungsten as…

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Barium Tungsten Electrode for Xenon Lamp 12

Xenon lamp (xenon flash lamp) is a light source based on the principle of high-voltage gas discharge. The performance of its electrode material directly affects the luminous efficiency, starting speed and service life of the lamp tube. Barium tungsten electrode has become a widely used electrode material in xenon lamps due to its unique physical and chemical properties. I. Characteristics and Advantages of Barium Tungsten Electrode 1. Excellent Electron Emission Performance The work function of barium tungsten electrode is low…

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Barium Tungsten Electrode for X-Ray Tube 18

Barium tungsten electrode is an important innovation of cathode material in X-ray tube, which is composed of tungsten matrix and barium compound. Tungsten provides a high melting point of 3422°C and excellent corrosion resistance, while the addition of barium reduces the work function to 1.6 eV (pure tungsten is 4.5 eV), making electrons easier to emit, and the current density reaches 10 A/cm2, which significantly improves the efficiency of thermal electron emission. In X-ray tubes, barium tungsten electrodes show unique…

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Barium Tungsten Electrodes for Gas Discharge Lamps 15

Gas discharge lamps are lighting devices that generate light through gas discharge, widely used in fluorescent lamps, high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps (such as sodium lamps, mercury lamps, and metal halide lamps), and specialized light sources. One of their core components is the electrode, with barium tungsten electrodes frequently employed in certain gas discharge lamps due to their superior performance. 1. Composition and Characteristics of Barium Tungsten Electrodes Barium tungsten electrodes use tungsten (W), with a high melting point (approximately 3422°C)…

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